The submandibular lymph nodes are a group of lymph nodes located beneath the mandible (lower jaw), in the submandibular region of the neck. These lymph nodes play a crucial role in the immune system, as they help filter lymphatic fluid and trap foreign particles (such as bacteria or viruses) before the fluid returns to the bloodstream.
Here are some key points about the submandibular lymph nodes:
- Location: As the name suggests, these lymph nodes are situated beneath the mandible, near the angle of the jaw, and extend along the submandibular gland. They are typically arranged in a chain-like fashion.
- Drainage Area: The submandibular lymph nodes receive lymphatic drainage from various areas, including the lips, mouth, tongue, floor of the mouth, cheeks, anterior nasal cavity, and the anterior part of the scalp.
- Efferent Drainage: Lymphatic vessels from the submandibular lymph nodes drain into higher levels of the cervical lymph node chain, including the upper deep cervical nodes.
- Function: Like other lymph nodes, the submandibular lymph nodes filter lymphatic fluid to remove foreign particles, pathogens, and abnormal cells. They also play a role in initiating an immune response when antigens are detected.
- Clinical Significance: Enlargement or tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes can be a sign of infection, inflammation, or malignancy in the areas they drain. Common causes of enlarged submandibular lymph nodes include upper respiratory infections, dental infections, salivary gland infections, and certain cancers affecting the head and neck region.
Evaluation of the size, consistency, and tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes is an important aspect of physical examination in patients presenting with symptoms related to the head and neck region.