The sensory supply to the skin of the lower eye lid
The sensory supply to the skin of the lower eyelid is primarily provided by branches of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), specifically the infraorbital nerve.
Here’s how it works:
- Trigeminal Nerve (CN V): This is the fifth cranial nerve and is responsible for sensory innervation of much of the face, including the lower eyelid. It has three main branches: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), and mandibular (V3).
- Infraorbital Nerve: The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve. It emerges from the infraorbital foramen, which is located on the maxilla just below the orbit (eye socket). After exiting the foramen, the infraorbital nerve travels inferiorly (downward) and laterally (toward the side of the face), providing sensory innervation to the lower eyelid, the side of the nose, the upper lip, and the cheek.
- Cutaneous Innervation: Once the infraorbital nerve reaches the lower eyelid, it sends branches to innervate the skin in this region. These sensory fibers transmit information about touch, temperature, and pain from the lower eyelid to the brain.
Damage or irritation to the infraorbital nerve can lead to altered sensation or numbness in the areas it supplies, including the lower eyelid. Disorders affecting the trigeminal nerve can also result in similar sensory disturbances.