That’s correct! Copper intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a type of long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method that does not contain hormones. Instead, they work by releasing copper ions into the uterus, which creates an environment that is toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization of the egg.
Here’s how copper IUDs work:
- Disruption of Sperm Function: Copper ions released by the IUD interfere with the motility and function of sperm, making it difficult for them to reach and fertilize the egg. Copper also affects the ability of sperm to penetrate the cervical mucus, further reducing their chances of reaching the egg.
- Inflammatory Response: The presence of copper in the uterus triggers an inflammatory response that is toxic to sperm, further inhibiting their ability to survive and fertilize an egg.
- Prevention of Implantation: In addition to affecting sperm function, copper IUDs may also prevent implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterine lining, although this mechanism is not fully understood and is not the primary mode of action.
Because copper IUDs do not contain hormones, they do not interfere with the body’s natural hormone levels or menstrual cycle. This makes them a suitable contraceptive option for women who prefer non-hormonal methods or who cannot use hormonal contraceptives due to medical reasons or personal preferences.
It’s important to note that while copper IUDs are highly effective at preventing pregnancy, they do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Therefore, it’s recommended to use condoms in addition to the copper IUD for dual protection against both pregnancy and STIs, especially if there is a risk of exposure to STIs.