Q-111. Which of the following is not included in the SAFE strategy?
a) Supplementation of vitamins
b) Antibiotics
c) Face washing
d) Improvement of the environment
Answer: Supplementation of vitamins
Explanation:
International efforts to eliminate trachoma as a blinding disease will be based on the WHO-developed strategy – a combination of interventions known by the acronym “SAFE” which stands for surgery for trichiasis (inturned eyelashes), antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement.
Q-112. Not true about breast milk is
a) Maximum output is seen at 12 months
b) Coefficient of iron absorption is 70%
c) Calcium utilization from breast milk is more than cow’s milk
d) Breast milk protein is reference protein
Answer: Maximum output is seen at 12 months
Explanation:
Breast milk output is maximum at 5-6 months.
Iron content of human breast milk is low but its bioavailability is high. Coefficient of iron absorption is as high as 70 %.
Calcium utilization from breast milk is more than cow’s milk
Human milk protein is considered as a reference protein for infants.
Important point:
Egg protein is used as standard or reference for evaluating the protein from other diet sources.
Q-113. About randomized controlled trial all are true except
a) Baseline characteristics are comparable
b) Bias can be eliminated by double blinding
c) Sample size depends on the type of study
d) Drop-outs are excluded from the study
Answer: Drop-outs are excluded from the study
Explanation:
RCT are prospective longitudinal studies, allowing the investigation of causal associations between interventions and outcomes.
Randomized controlled trials (RCT), or randomized clinical trials, are experimental studies where the effect of an intervention is assessed by collecting data before and after an intervention has taken place.
High dropout when the intervention has undesirable side-effects.
Q-114. Increase in false positive cases in a community is due to
a) High specificity
b) High sensitivity
c) High prevalence
d) Low prevalence
Answer: Low prevalence
Explanation:
In a population with a low prevalence of a particular disease it is likely that most of the positive results in a screening program for that disease would be falsely positive.
Q-115. Plastic wrapper of surgical syringe should be discarded in
a) Black bag
b) Yellow bag
c) Red bag
d) Blue
Answer: Black bag
Explanation:
Color code of bag and waste disposed:
Black bag-Non-infectious wastes (Office papers, general waste like plastic wrapper, discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs)
Red Bag- Infectious plastic waste, disposable tunings, catheters, gloves, gauzes, bandages and item contaminated with blood and body fluids
Yellow bags- Human tissues, organs, body parts, pathology tissue and animal carcass
Q-116. In national water supply & sanitation programme, a problem village is defined as all except
a) Distance of safe water is greater than 1.6 km
b) Water is exposed to the risk of cholera
c) Water source has excess iron & heavy metals
d) Water infested with guinea worm
Answer: Water infested with guinea worm
Explanation:
A problem village:
Distance of safe water is greater than 1.6 km
Water at a depth of more than 15 miters
Water is exposed to the risk of cholera
Water source has excess salinity, iron, fluorides and other toxic elements
Q-117. All are criteria for normal Indian reference male except
a) 60kg
b) 2200 Kcal/day
c) 8 hrs in bed
d) 20-39 age
Answer: 2200 Kcal/day
Explanation:
Indian reference female:
Age: 20-39 years
Weight: 50 kg
Daily activities: 8 hours in general household work
Protein allowance: 1 gm/day
Fat intake: 20 gm/day
Energy requirement:
Light work- 1875 kcal/day
Moderate work- 2225 kcal/day
Heavy work- 2925 kcal/day
Indian reference male:
Age: 20-39 years
Weight: 60 kg
Daily activities: 8 hours in occupation of moderate activity
Protein allowance: 1 gm/day
Fat intake: 20 gm/day
Energy requirement:
Light work- 2425 kcal/day
Moderate work- 2875 kcal/day
Heavy work- 3800 kcal/day
Q-118. Adjuvant used in DPT vaccine is
a) Zinc
b) Aluminum
c) Copper
d) Magnesium
Answer: Aluminum
Explanation:
Aluminium phosphate or aluminium hydroxide is used as adsorbent in DPT.
It increases the immunological effectiveness.
Important point:
Pertussis component in DPT vaccine enhances the potency of the diphtheria toxoid.
Q-119. In India, the cause for maximum maternal mortality is
a) Anemia
b) Hemorrhage
c) Abortion
d) Sepsis
Answer: Hemorrhage
Explanation:
Major causes of maternal mortality in India in 1998 (as per the Annual Report 2001 to 2002 of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt of India):
Hemorrhage – 30 %
Anemia – 19%
Sepsis – 16%
Obstructed Labour – 10%
Abortion – 09%
Q-120. In which of the following disease, the overall survival is increased by screening procedure
a) Prostate Ca
b) Lung cancer
c) Colon Ca
d) Ovarian Ca
Answer: Colon Ca
Explanation:
Because of the majority of colo-rectal cancer are thought to arise from adenomatous polyps, preventive measures focus upon identification and removal of these premalignant lesions.
In addition, many cancers are asymptomatic and screening may detect these tumors at an early and curable stage.