TALUS
Most superior bone of the foot. Articulates with the tibia and fibula superiorly and the calcaneus and navicular inferiorly. It’s superior surface is spheroidal, for articulation at the ankle joint.
CALCANEUS (Heel bone)
The calcaneus is the most posterior bone in the foot. It articulates with the talus superiorly and the cuboid anteriorly. But is also part of the calcaneotalonavicular joint.
CUBOID
Is another tarsal bone on the lateral side of the foot. It articulates posteriorly with the calcaneus. Medially with the lateral cuneiform and navicular. And anteriorly with the 4th and 5th metatarsals.
NAVICULAR
The navicular is another tarsal bone on the medial side of the foot. It articulates with the three cuneiforms anteriorly, the cuboid laterally and the talocalcaneonavicular joint posteriorly.
MEDIAL CUNEIFORM
Is one of the three cuneiform tarsal bones on the medial margin the foot. It articulates with the metatarsals anteriorly and the navicular posteriorly. As well as the intermediate cuneiform laterally.
INTERMEDIATE CUNEIFORMS
This the 2nd cuneiform tarsal bone, it lies between the lateral and medial cuneiforms either side. But also articulate with the navicular and metatarsal bones.
LATERAL CUNEIFORM.
This is the most lateral of the three cuneiform tarsals and articulates laterally with the cuboid and medially with the intermediate cuneiforms. As well as with the navicular and metatarsals.
METATARSALS.
These are bones of the toes that attach the the cuboid and three cuneiforms of the foot. They are long bones of nature and have heads. There are 5 metatarsals. They are ordered from medial to lateral.
PHALANGES OF THE FOOT
These are also long bones that create the toes. Each toe has two phalanges, except for the 1st toe, only one phalanx is present here.
SESAMOID BONES OF THE FOOT
These are two bones under the 1st toe that are ensheathed in a tendon for absorption and protection from force.
SUSTENTACULUM TALI
This is a shelf like structure on the calcaneus in which the talus sits upon. It also protects underlying vessels, tendons, ligaments and nerve
FOUR MAIN GROUPS OF THE LOWER LIMB
- foot
- lower leg
- femur
- hip
How many bones are in the foot
26
THREE GROUPS OF BONES IN THE FOOT
1. Phalanges (bones of foot)
2. Metatarsals (bones of instep)
3. Tarsals (bones of ankles)
Each foot consists phalanges
14
ANOTHER NAME FOR THE GREAT TOE
Hallux
Each phalanx is composed of three parts
1. body/shaft
2. proximal end
3. distal end
How are the metatarsals numbered
1-5 beginning at the medial side.
Metatarsals are composed of three parts
1. small rounded distal portion
2. long slender middle portion
3. expanded proximal end
Distal ends of the metatarsals are located on part of the foot
The ball (head) of the foot.
Two names of the joint spaces between phalanges 2-4
Distal interphalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint.
Name of the joint space between the proximal and distal phalanges of the great toe
Interphalangeal joint.
Name of the joint space between the
phalanges and the metatarsals
metatarsophalangeal joint
Name of the joint space between the tarsals and metatarsals
Tarsometatarsal joint
Another name for the calcaneus?
os calcis
names of the bones that make up the tarsal bones in the foot
Calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the 3 cuneiforms.
Tarsal bones is the largest and strongest
Calcaneus
shape is the Calcaneus
Cuboidal
The prominent bony process on the medial proximal aspect of the calcaneus
Sustentaculum tali
Two bones articulates with the calcaneus
Cuboid (anteriorly)
talus (superiorly)
The articulation between the talus and calcaneus called
subtalar joint / talocalcaneal joint
Name of the space found in the middle of the subtalar joint that is an important opening for ligaments to pass through
Sinus tarsi
sesamoid bones
small detached free floating bones found in the feet and hands and certain tendons.
The largest sesamoid bones found
Knee cap/patella
Sesamoid bones most likely to be found in the feet
posterior/plantar surface of the foot near the 1st metatarsal.
How many tarsal bones are found in the proximal foot
7
One of the tarsal bones is involved in the ankle joint
the talus
Another name for the talus bone
Astragalus
Another name for the navicular?
scaphoid
The second largest tarsal?
Talus
the talus located
Between the lower leg and calcaneus.
four bones articulate with the talus
tibia and fibula (superiorly) calcaneus (inferiorly) navicular (anteriorly)
The navicular shaped
Like a flattened oval
The navicular located
On the medial side of the foot between the talus and the 3 cuneiforms.
Four bones articulate with the navicular
talus (posteriorly) and the 3 cuneiform (anteriorly)
The 3 cuneiforms located in the foot
At the central and medial aspect of the foot between the navicular and the 1, 2, 3rd metatarsals distally.
the 1st (largest) cuneiform located
Medially
the second (smallest) cuneiform located
intermediate
the 3rd cuneiform located
Laterally
6 bones articulate with the 3rd cuneiform
navicular, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals, intermediate cuneiform medially and the cuboid laterally.
4 bones articulate with the 1st cuneiform
navicular, 1st and 2nd metatarsals, and intermediate cuneiform.
4 bones articulate with the 2nd cuneiform
Navicular, 2nd metatarsal, the medial and lateral cuneiforms.
the cuboid located
On the lateral side of the foot between the calcaneus and the 4th and 5th metatarsals.
4 bones articulate with the cuboid
Calcaneus, lateral cuneiform, and the 4th and 5th metatarsals.
Name the 2 arches of the foot?
longitudinal and:heart: transverse
bones form the longitudinal arch
Medial metatarsals and tarsals.
function of the longitudinal arch
Acts as a shock absorber and helps distribute the weight of the body.
bones form the transverse arch
The 3 cuneiforms and cuboid.
function of the transverse arch
Assists in supporting the longitudinal arch.
The ankle joint is formed by 3 bones
Tibia, fibula, and the talus.
Surface of the tibia articulates with the talus
The broad inferior surface.
Name of the medial enlongated process of the tibia that extends down alongside the medial talus
Medial malleolus
Name of the 3 sided “socket” where the talus fits into the tibia and fibula
Ankle mortise
Name of the process on the anterior aspect of the distal tibia?
Anterior tubercle
In a true lateral position the distal fibula will be 1/2 inferior or superior to the tibia
inferior
The lateral malleolus is on the same plane as the medial malleolus… true or false
False the lateral malleolus extends 1/2 distal to the medial malleolus.
How do you achieve the intermalleolar plane to get the mortise view of the ankle
Rotate ankle 15-20 degrees internally
Ankle joint is kind of joint
Sellar/saddle
Type of movement does the ankle permit
flexion and:heart: extension
Anterior surface of the foot is also know as
dorsum
Posterior surface of the foot is also known as
Plantar
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