Q-1. The weight of the limb is transmitted from the scapula to the clavicle through (AI 2002)
a) Coraco-acromial ligament
b) Costo-clavicular ligament
c) Sterno-clavicular ligament
d) Coraco-clavicular ligament
e) Inter-tubercular ligament.
Answer- d
Explanation:
The weight of the limb is transmitted from the scapula to the clavicle through coraco-clavicular ligament, and from the clavicle to the sternum through the sterno-clavicular joint. Some of the weight also passes to the first rib Costo-clavicular ligament.
Q-2. The main ligamentous union between the clavicle and the remainder of upper limb is the:
a) Coraco-acromial ligament
b) Costo-clavicular ligament
c) Sterno-clavicular ligament
d) Inter-tubercular ligament
Answer- b
Explanation:
The main ligamentous union between the clavicle and the remainder of the upper limbs is the Coraco-clavicular ligament.
Q-3. Ligaments of shoulder joint are all except
a) Coraco-clavicular
b) Gleno-humoral
c) Coraco-humeral
d) Transverse humeral
Answer- a
Explanation:
THE SHOULDER JOINT
Ligaments of the Joint
- The capsular ligament:
- The coraco-humeral ligament
- The glenoidal labrum
- Transverse humeral
Q-4. Movements taking place during abduction of shoulder joint are all except (AIIMS May 08)
a) Medial rotation of scapula
b) Axial rotation of humerus at acromio-clavicular joint
c) Elevation of humerus
d) Movements at clavicular end of sterno-clavicular joint
Answer- a
Explanation:
In abduction the arm moves antero-laterally away from the trunk. This movement is in the same plane as that of the body of the scapula.
Q-5. In the region of the shoulder
a) The gleno-humeral joint permits 180 degree of the abduction
b) The gleno-humeral joint reinforced on all aspects (superiorly, inferiorly, anteriorly, anteriorly, and posteriorly) by muscles of the rotator (Musculo-tendinous) cuff
c) The sub-acromial (sub-deltoid) bursa is inferior to the supra-spinatus tendon and muscle
d) The gleno-humeral joint permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and both internal and external rotation.
Answer- d
Explanation:
The gleno-humeral joint permits flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and both internal and external rotation.
Q-6. The structure that is least likely to be compressed in flexion and abduction of shoulder joint
a) Supra-spinatus muscle
b) Long head of biceps
c) Supra-scapular nerve
d) Sub acromial bursa
Answer- c
Explanation:
The structures to be compressed in flexion and abduction of shoulder joint
Most vulnerable structures are supra-spinatus tendon and long head of biceps followed by Sub-acromian bursa.
Q-7. Flexion and abduction of shoulder joint, all are compressed except
a) Supra-spinatus muscle
b) Long head of biceps
c) Supra-scapular nerve
d) Sub acromial bursa
Answer- c
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-8. The glenoid cavity of the scapula is rotated upward by which of the following muscles
a) Levator scapulae
b) Serratus anterior
c) Rhomboid minor
d) Trapezius
Answer- b and d
Explanation:
The serratus anterior and the trapezius increase the range of the abduction considerably up to 180 degrees by rotating the scapula so that the glenoid cavity faces upwards.
Q-9. All the Muscles are used to abduct the shoulder except:
a) Deltoid
b) Supra-spinatus
c) Serratus anterior
d) Pectoralis major
Answer- d
Explanation:
Pectoralis major: Actions
Acting as whole:
Adduction
Medial rotation of shoulder/arm
Clavicular part:
Flexion of the arm
Sterno-clavicular part:
Extension of flexed arm against resistance
Climbing
Q-10. Rupture of supra-spinatus manifest as
a) Painful movements
b) Difficulty in initiation of abduction
c) Difficult abduction after 90 degree
d) Flat shoulder
Answer- b
Explanation:
Movement at the shoulder joint: Abduction
Supra-spinatus: 0-15 degree
Deltoid: 15-90 degree
Serratus anterior: 90-180 degree
Upper and lower fibres of trapezius: 90-180 degree
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Q-11. Which is a hinge joint?
a) Knee
b) Elbow
c) Metacarpophalangeal
d) Atlanto-axial
Answer- b
Explanation:
The elbow joint:
The elbow joint is a synovial joint between the lower end of humerus and the upper ends of radius and ulna bones.
Type: This is a synovial joint of the hinge variety.
Q-12. Example of hinge joint are all except
a) Elbow joint
b) Inter-phalangeal joint
c) Knee joint
d) Shoulder joint
Answer- d
Explanation:
Shoulder joint is a synovial joint of the ball and socket variety.
Q-13. The medial collateral ligament of the elbow joint is closely related to the following structure
a) Brachial artery
b) Radial nerve
c) Ulnar artery
d) Basilic vein
e) Ulnar nerve
Answer- e
Explanation:
The medial collateral ligament of the elbow joint is crossed by ulnar nerve and gives origin to the flexor digitorum superficialis. It is closely related to the flexor carpi ulnaris and the triceps brachialis.
Q-14. Muscles that can flex the forearm include all except (PGI Dec 06)
a) Brachialis
b) Brachio-radialis
c) Pronator teres
d) Anconeus
e) Biceps brachialis
Answer- c and d
Explanation:
Movements at elbow joint: Flexion
Main muscles:
The brachialis
The biceps, and
The brachio-radialis
Accessory muscles:
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Humeral head of pronator teres
Q-15. In a vehicular accident, the Musculocutaneous nerve was completely severed, but still the person was able to weekly flex the elbow joint. All of the following muscles are responsible for this flexion, except (AIIMS 2004)
a) Brachio-radialis
b) Flexor carpi radialis
c) Ulnar head of Pronator teres
d) Flexor carpi ulnaris
Answer- c
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-16. When a heavy object in hand is lowered, the extension at elbow is brought about by (AIIMS 2003)
a) Active shortening of the extensors
b) Passive shortening of the extensors
c) Active lengthening of the flexors
d) Active shortening of the flexors
Answer- c
Explanation:
When a heavy object in hand is lowered, the extension at elbow is brought about by active lengthening of the flexors.
When a heavy object in hand is elevated, the extension at elbow is brought about by active shortening of the extensors.
Q-17. True flexors of the elbow joint are
a) Biceps
b) Brachialis
c) Brachio-radialis
d) Teres minor
Answer- a, b and c
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-18. Movements of supination and pronation occurs in all of the following joints except (AI 07)
a) Superior radio-ulnar joint
b) Middle radio-ulnar joint
c) Inferior radio-ulnar joint
d) Radio-carpal joint
Answer- d
Explanation:
Supination and pronation are rotatory movements of the forearm (and hand) around a vertical axis. The movements are permitted at the superior and inferior radio-ulnar joints. Supination is more powerful than pronation because it is an antigravity movement. Supination movements are responsible for all screwing movements of the hand, e.g. as in tightening nuts and bolts. Morphologically, pronation and supination were evolved for picking up food and taking it to the mouth.
Q-19. Example for ellipsoid joint is-
a) Wrist
b) Knee
c) Ankle
d) Shoulder
Answer- a
Explanation:
Wrist joint is a synovial joint of the ellipsoid variety between lower end of radius and three lateral bones of proximal row of carpus.
Q-20. Adductors of the hand at the wrist joint include
a) Brachio-radialis
b) Flexor carpi ulnaris
c) Extensor digitorum
d) Extensor carpi ulnaris
Answer- b and d
Explanation:
Adduction of hand:
It occurs mainly at the wrist joint. The main adductors are; (i) the flexor carpi ulnaris, and (ii) the extensor carpi ulnaris.
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Q-21. Adduction of hand at wrist is done by (PGI 2000)
a) Flexor carpi radialis
b) Flexor carpi longus
c) Flexor digitorum profundus
d) Extensor carpi ulnaris
e) Flexor digitorum superficialis
Answer- d
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-22. Adduction of thumb occurs at – (PGI Dec. 07)
a) Inter carpal joint
b) MCP joint
c) Carpo-metacarpal joint
d) Inter phalangeal joint
e) Inter-tarsal joint
Answer- b and c
See above explanation.
Q-23. 1st carpo-metacarpal joint is
a) Saddle joint
b) Ball and socket joint
c) Secondary cartilaginous joint
d) Hinge joint
Answer- a
Explanation:
First carpo-metacarpal joint is only carpo-metacarpal joint which has a separate joint cavity. Movements at this joint are, therefore; much more free than at any other corresponding joint.
Type:
Saddle variety of synovial joint (because the articular surfaces are concavo-convex)
Q-24. Which of the following is an example of saddle joint?
a) Carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb
b) Elbow joint
c) Ankle joint
d) Knee joint
Answer- a
Explanation:
See above explanation.
Q-25. In inter-phalangeal joint, capsule is absent in the
a) Medial side
b) Dorsal side
c) Palmar side
d) Lateral side
Answer- b
Explanation:
Interphalangeal joints:
Type:
Hinge variety of synovial joints
Ligaments:
Similar to the metacarpophalangeal joints, that is one palmar fibro-cartilaginous ligament and two collateral bands running down wards and forwards.
Q-26. The Prime Flexor of metacarpophalangeal joint:
a) Lumbrical muscle
b) Flexor digitorum superficialis
c) Flexor digitorum profundus
d) Dorsal interosseous muscle
Answer- a and d
Explanation:
The Prime Flexor of metacarpophalangeal joint:
First joint:
Flexor pollicis longus and brevis
Second to fifth joint:
Interossei and lumbricals
Q-27. A patient is brought to the emergency with history of trauma to his right upper limb. Extension of metacarpophalangeal is lost. There is no wrist drop and extension of IP joint is normal. The most likely nerve involved is:
a) Ulnar nerve
b) Median nerve
c) Radial nerve
d) Posterior-interosseous nerve
Answer- d
Explanation:
Extension of metacarpophalangeal joint:
Extensor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis brevis
Posterior interosseous branch:
Lies in the lateral part of cubital fossa, where it supplies extensor carpi radialis brevis and supinator muscles. Then it enters into the back of forearm by passing through supinator muscle.
There the nerve supplies abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor digitorum, extensor indicis, extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris.
It ends in a pseudo ganglion, branches of which supply the wrist joint.