The cause for posterior capsular opacification

What is the cause for posterior capsular opacification following phacoemulsification and implantation of an IOL?

  1. Fibrovascular ingrowth stimulated by the lens
  2. Bacterial sequestration and colonization
  3. Proliferation of residual lens epithelium
  4. Toxicity of the IOL

explanation

Opacification of the posterior capsule following extracapsular cataract extraction is not an uncommon problem. The main causes include proliferation of retained lens epithelium and capsular fibrosis and contraction. An opening in the capsule can be made with a YAG laser, providing a clear visual pathway.