Q-1. Ionizing radiation affects which stage of cell cycle
a) G2 S
b) G1 G2
c) G2 M
d) G0 G1
Answer: G2 M
Explanation:
Cells are least radiosensitive when in the S phase, then the G1 phase, then the G2 phase, and most sensitive in the M phase of the cell cycle.
Q-2. Which of the following is true regarding principle of MRCP?
a) Intra-luminal is used to create the three dimensional view of the biliary radicals and pancreatic duct
b) Use of heavily T2 weighted images without contrast
c) Contrast agent is instilled per-cutaneously into the biliary radicals first and then MRI done
d) Gadolinium based contrast is used to enhance the biliary radicals and the pancreatic duct
Answer: Use of heavily T2 weighted images without contrast
Explanation:
The underlying principle of Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is imaging fluid in the biliary and pancreatic tree while suppressing background signals from non-fluid structures.
Heavy T2 Weighted MR pulse sequences are used to accomplish this purpose.
No contrast material is used in MRCP.
The introduction of hepato-biliary contrast media and secretin has enabled functional assessment of biliary excretion and the exocrine pancreas, respectively.
Q-3. Stereotactic Radiotherapy is used for treatment of
A. Brain tumor
B. Lung carcinoma
C. Cervical carcinoma
D. Renal carcinoma
Answer: Brain tumor
Explanation:
Stereotactic radiation therapy is a type of external radiation therapy that uses special equipment to position the patient and precisely deliver radiation to a tumor.
The total dose of radiation is divided into several smaller doses given over several days.
Stereotactic radiation therapy is used to treat brain tumors and other brain disorders. It is also being studied in the treatment of other types of cancer, such as lung cancer.
Q-4. A middle aged patient presents with complaint of right hypochondrial pain. On plain chest X-ray, elevated right hemi-diaphragm is seen. All are following are possible diagnosis except
a) Acute cholecystitis
b) Sub-phrenic abscess
c) Amebic liver abscess
d) Pyogenic liver abscess
Answer: Acute cholecystitis
Explanation:
An elevated hemi-diaphragm can result from many causes:
Above the diaphragm:
Atelectasis/ collapse
Lobectomy / Pneumonectomy
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Diaphragm:
Phrenic nerve palsy
Diaphragmatic eventration
Contra-lateral CVA: usually MCA distribution
Below the diaphragm:
Abdominal tumour
Sub-phrenic abscess
Distended stomach or colon
Other situations which may mimic an elevated hemi-diaphragm include:
Sub-pulmonic effusion
Diaphragmatic hernia
Diaphragmatic rupture
Tumour of the pleura or diaphragm