Whilst examining a patient the following is found on fundoscopy:
What is this finding most suggestive of?
Central retinal artery occlusion
Normal fundus
Papilloedema
Untreated glaucoma
Optic atrophy
The finding would also be expected in the other eye as papilloedema is nearly always a bilateral finding.
Papilloedema
The following features may be observed during fundoscopy:
venous engorgement: usually the first sign
loss of venous pulsation: although many normal patients do not have normal pulsation
blurring of the optic disc margin
elevation of optic disc
loss of the optic cup
Paton’s lines: concentric/radial retinal lines cascading from the optic disc
Causes of papilloedema
space-occupying lesion: neoplastic, vascular
malignant hypertension
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
hydrocephalus
hypercapnia
Rare causes include
hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia
vitamin A toxicity