- The hallmark of acute inflammation is:
A. Increased blood flow
B. Rubor, calor, dolor increased permeability of microcirculation
C. Increased vascular permeability
D. Vascular stasis - The most efficient bactericidal compound present in neutrophils is the:
A. Arachidonic acid metabolites C. Lysosomal enzymes
B. H202MPOHalide
system D. Hydrogen peroxide - Leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid through the help of this enzyme:
A. Phospholipase C. Cyclooxygenase
B. Lipooxygenase D. Lipoxins - The hallmark of chronic inflammation is:
A. Increased permeability of microcirculation
B. Migration of macrophages at site of injury
C. Tissue destruction
D. Mononuclear cell infiltration - An example of tumor suppressor gene:
A. p53 C. ras
B. Cmyc
D. bcr - A lymph node biopsy was diagnosed as tuberculosis. This type of necrosis is characteristic of:
A. Coagulative C. Caseous
B. Liquefactive D. Gangrenous - Which of the following substances accumulates in atherosclerotic blood vessels?
A. Fatty acids C. Tryglicerides
B. Cholesterol esters D. Phospholipids - “Heart failure cells” found in the lungs in Chronic Passive Congestion are actually….
A. Lymphocytes C. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils D. Macrophages - The outcome of thrombosis wherein the thrombi tends to GROW due to deposition of additional platelets, fibrin and red blood cells:
A. Resolution C. Propagation
B. Organization D. Recanalization - Most common cause of death in burn patients who got into shock is:
A. Sepsis C. Dehydration
B. CHF D. Hemorrhage - This type of hypersensitivity reaction is mediated by IgE:
A. Type I C. Type III
B. Type II D. Type IV - One of the three major components of acute inflammation include:
A. Alteration in vascular caliber that leads to a decrease in blood flow
B. Structure changes in the microvasculature permitting plasma proteins andleukocytes to leave the circulation**
C. Tissue destruction
D. Healing by connective tissue - Heat and redness in acute inflammation is due to the following pathogenetic mechanism:
A. Increased vascular permeability C. Stasis
B. Increased blood flow D. Leukocytic margination - The uterine endometrial lining thickens during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. This is due to:
A. Hypertrophy C. Hyperplasia
B. Dysplasia D. Metaplasia - Which of the following disorders is most likely to be associated with an exudates rather than a transudate?
A. Congestive heart failure C. Suppurative inflammation
B. Nephrotic syndrome D. Peritonitis - The role of histamine in acute inflammatory response include:
A. Platelet release and aggregation
B. Increased vascular permeability of the venules
C. Increased vascular permeability of the arterioles
D. Membrane lysis - The central figure in chronic inflammation is the Macrophage because of its role in:
A. Breakdown of collagen and fibronectin
B. Production of 02 and Nitric oxide metabolites
C. Emigration from the blood stream to site of injury
D. Inhibition by cytokines and oxidized lipids - A biopsy of the stomach reveal an area of malignant change characterized by varisized, compactly arranged neoplastic glands lined by moderately differentiated cells. Which of the following terms refer to malignant tumor of glandular epithelium?
A. Sarcoma C. Teratoma
B. Choristoma D. Adenocarcinoma - Which of the following statements in NOT true of red infarcts?
A. It occurs in organs with double blood supply
B. Commonly found in the heart and kidneys
C. Seen in venous occlusion with infarction
D. Seen in organs with well developed anastomosis - Which of the following conditions is a complication of both direct injuries to the lungs and systemic disorders?
A. Atelectasis C. Diffuse alveolar damage
B. Pulmonary edema D. Pulmonary congestion - Which of the following conditions of the lung is characterized by abnormal permanent enlargement of the air space distal to the terminal bronchiole accompanied by destruction of their walls without obvious fibrosis?
A. Emphysema C. Chronic bronchitis
B. Bronchial asthma D. Bronchiectasis - A spectrum of immunologically mediated predominantly interstitial lung disorders caused by intense often prolonged exposure to inhaled organic dusts and occupational antigens is:
A. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
B. Bronchiolis obliteransorganizing
pneumonia
C. Desquamative interstitial pneumonitis
D. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - An acute febrile respiratory disease characterized by patchy inflammatory changes in the lungs confined to the alveolar septa and pulmonary interstitium:
A. Primary atypical pneumonia C. Bronchopneumonia
B. Lobar pneumonia D. Lobular bronchopneumonia - A systemic disease of unknown cause characterized by noncaseating
granuloma in
many tissues and organs particularly in the hilar lymph nodes, lungs, eye, and skin is:
A. Silicosis C. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
B. Sarcoidosis D. Asbestosis - Most common benign tumor of the lung discovered incidentally as a coin lesion on routine XRay examination is:
A. Bronchial carcinoids C. Hamartoma
B. Thymoma D. Bronchogenic cyst - Most common cause of aspiration pneumonia is hospitalized patients:
A. Streptococcus pneumonia C. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Staphylococcus aureus D. Pseudomonas aeroginosa - Most common type of asthma that begins in childhood and triggered by
environmental antigens such as dust, pollens and food is:
A. Nonatopic
asthma C. Atopic asthma
B. Drug induced asthma d. Occupational Asthma - Most common manifestation of asbestos exposure often containing calcium seen on the anterior and posterior aspect of the parietal pleura:
A. Asbestos body C. Ferruginous bodies
B. Plaques D. Amphibole - Which of the following syndrome is characterized by the appearance of proliferative glomerulonephritis and necrotizing hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonitis?
A. Goodpasture syndrome C. Karteagner syndrome
B. Paraneoplastic syndrome D. LambertEaton
myasthenic syndrome - Most common location of secondary tuberculosis in the lung:
A. Hilar area C. Peripheral
B. Base D. Apex - A fatal complication of ruptured aortic aneurysm and vascular trauma:
A. Chylothorax C. Hydrothorax
B. Hemothorax D. Empyema - Mang Juanito, 60yearold
man, has been smoking for many years, he experienced
chronic cough and weight loss for the past 6 months, no fever no nausea and vomiting. He had one bout of hemoptysis and went to the ER for consultation. Xray shows a 6 cm mass on the medial upper lobe. Bronchoscopy shows a mass on the segmental bronchus. Which of the following cytologic findings is likely to be found in this patient?
A. Presence of acid fast organism on sputum exam
B. Presence of malignant squamous cells in sputum
C. Presence of numerous necrotic debris and inflammatory cells in sputum
D. Presence of reactive mesothelial cells in pleural fluid exam - Mang Tony, 55yearold man has no major medical problems in the past year, 4 months prior to consultation the patient experience malaise and weight loss of 10 kg. The patient is a nonsmoker, no fever, no difficulty of breathing. Chest Xray shows a multiple solid nodules scattered throughout the lung fields. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Bronchogenic carcinoma C. Malignant mesothelioma
B. Metastatic carcinoma D. Bronchioalveolar carcinoma - Mang Tomas, 45yearold man had an episode of myocardial infarction he was brought to the emergency room and was intubated. Upon intubation he suffers aspiration of gastric contents. For the next 5 days he develops nonreproductive cough and fever. Chest Xray shows a 3 cm mass in the right lung with elevated air fluid level. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Bronchopulmonary sequestration C. Atelectasis
B. Bronchiectasis D. Lung abscess - Hemodynamic pulmonary edema seen in congestive heart failure is due to:
A. Increased oncotic pressure C. Increased hydrostatic pressure
B. Decreased interstitial osmotic pressure D. Increased albumin - Sudden death in patients with pulmonary embolism is caused by:
A. Blockage of blood flow through the lungs
B. Atelectasis
C. Development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
D. Development of pulmonary hypertension - A lymphohematogenous dissemination of pulmonary tuberculosis would give rise to:
A. Vacitary fibrocaseous tuberculosis C. Tuberculous bronchopneumonia B. Potts disease D. Miliary tuberculosis - The plausible mechanism in the development of emphysema is:
A. Increase release of elastase in neutrophils and macrophages
B. Increase alpha1
antitrypsin
enzyme
C. Presence of obstruction of a tumor of foreign body with concomitant infection
D. Increase responsiveness of the bronchial tree - The major cause of celiac sprue is:
A. Bacterial infection
B. Deficiency of Vitamin B12
C. Hypersensitivity to gliadin fraction of wheat gluten
D. Lymphatic obstruction - The histologic criterion for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is based on finding this type of cell infiltrating the muscularis propia:
A. Histiocytes C. Lymphocytes
B. Monocytes D. Neutrophils - Disaccharidase deficiency is classified under which of the following major causes of malabsorption syndrome:
A. Defective Intraluminal digestion
B. Lymphatic obstruction
C. Primary mucosal cell abnormalities
D. Reduced small intestinal surface area - In ulcerative colitis, inflammation is limited to the:
A. Mucosa C. Serosa
B. Submucosa D. Transmural layer
Answer: mucosa and submucosa only… - Large areas of hemorrhagic green ulceration of the mucosa and greenblack necrosis through the wall, extending to the serosa of the appendix is most likely associated to which of the following stages of acute appendicitis?
A. Acute gangrenous appendicitis C. Acute suppurative appendicitis
B. Early acute appendicitis D. Ruptured acute appendicitis - Leon, 25yearold male complained of intermittent diarrhea and lower abdominal pain. An upper GI series showed segmental narrowing in the ileum. Microscopic findings of the lesion showed inflammation from the mucosa to the serosa with the presence of noncaseating granulomas. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Celiac sprue C. Crohn’s disease
B. Tropical sprue D. Whipple’s disease - Henry, 45yearold,
male suffers from episodic abdominal bloating with flatulence and explosive diarrhea after attending a weeklong community celebration of the
dairy industry during the rest of the year, he does not consume milk shakes or ice cream and is not symptomatic. Which of the following conditions best accounts for these findings?
A. Celiac sprue C. Disaccharidase deficiency
B. Ulcerative colitis D. Whipple’s disease - Josie, 40yearold female, has a total serum bilirubin concentration of 8. 9 mg/dl and a direct bilirubin level of 6.8 mg/dl. The serum Alanine aminotrasferase (ALT) level is
125 U/L, and the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level is 108 U/L. A liver biopsy shows histologic findings characteristic for Sclerosing cholangitis. Which of the following gastrointestinal tract disease is most likely to coexist in this patient?
A. Celiac sprue C. Tropical sprue
B. Ulcerative colitis D. Whipple’s disease