- Which of the following accumulates in the cytoplasm of liver cells in steatosis:
a. Sphingolipids ans. d p. 25
b. phospholipids
c. cholesterol/cholesterol esters
d. triglycerides - Chalkywhite
appearance of necrotic tissues is seen in which of the following:
a. caseation necrosis ans. c p. 1092
b. coagulation necrosis
c. enzymatic fat necrosis
d. liquefaction necrosis - Obstruction of the blood supply to the brain would lead to which type of
necrosis:
a. Caseation ans. C p. 138
b. coagulation
c. liquefaction
d. enzymatic fat necrosis - What is the cell of origin of the epitheloid cell and the Langhan’s giant cell seen
in tuberculous lesion:
a. Neutrophils ans. B p. 216
b. monocyte
c. lymphocyte
d. plasma cell - Adenocarcinoma of the prostate tends to involve initially which of the following
lobes of the prostate gland:
a. Anterior ans. B p. 1054
b. posterior
c. lateral
d. median - A 60 yearold
woman presented with postmenopausal bleeding. D and C showed
endometrial hyperplasia. Pelvic ultrasound showed a solid masss in the left
overy. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy
was done. The histopathologic examination of the left ovary would most likely show which of the following:
a. Granulose cell tumor ans. A p. 1102
b. Mature teratoma
c. Mucinous cystadenoma
d. Fibroma - Marked thrombocytopenia and a DIClike
phenomenon are responsible for the
unusually severe bleeding tendency in which of the following:
a. Acute lymphocytic leukemia ans. C p. 693
b. Acute monocytic leukemia
c. Acute myelocytic leukemia
d. Acute promyelocytic leukemia - Lacunar cells are seen in which of the following:
a. Hodgkin’s lymphoma ans. a p. 646
b. NonHodgkin’s
lymphoma
c. Plasma cell dyscrasia
d. Langerhans cell histiocytosis - The most common cause of death in Multiple Myeloma is :
a. renal failure ans. c p. 664
b. widespread metastases
c. infection
d. bleeding - Plasma cells are predominant cellular infiltrates in lesions associated with which of the following: :
a. Herpesvirus ans. C p. 388
b. N. gonorrheae
c. .T. pallidum
d. Hepatitis B virus - KimmelstielWilson’s
lesions in diabetes mellitus are seen in which of the following:
a. Eyes ans. D p. 991
b. pancreas
c. liver
d. kidney - Diffuse infiltration of the adrenal gland is a pathologic lesion most commonly associated with which of the following:
a. Cushing’s syndrome ans. C p. 1215
b. WaterhouseFriederischen syndrome
c. Addison’s disease
d. Conn’s syndrome - The cell or tissue of origin of most breast carcinomas is the:
a. Stroma ans. B p. 1130
b. Duct
c. Lobule
d. Acini - In cervical carcinoma, involvement of the lower third of the vagina is what stage.
a. I ans. C p. 1077
b. II
c. III
d. IV - Which of the following is the most likely mediator of pain:
a. Histamine ans. B p. 68
b. Prostaglandin
c. Cytokine
d. Oxygen metabolites - In healing by secondary intention, the resultant scar is much smaller than the original wound because of which of the following:
a. Less fibrin formation ans. D p. 113
b. Removal of exudates
c. More granulation tissue
d. Wound retraction - The final common pathway of ARDS is which of the following:
a. Diffuse damage to alveolar capillary walls ans. D p. 715
b. Deficient pulmonary surfactant
c. Fibrin exudation
d. Formation of hyaline membranes - Which of the following is the most common pathway for the initial route of
metastasis of carcinomas:
a. direct extension ans. D p. 279
b. seeding
c. hematogenous
d. lymphatics - Which of the following are characteristics of antemortem clots:
a. lines of Zahn ans. A p. 133
b. currant jelly clots
c. both
d. neither - Emboli of major veins of the legs will eventually plug small vessels of which of the following:
a. pulmonary circulation ans. A p. 136
b. coronary circulation
c. cerebral circulation
d. systemic circulation - Which of the following is the most important factor in the development of
thrombosis:
a. Stasis ans. C p. 130
b. turbulence
c. endothelial injury
d. hypercoagulability of blood - Which of the following is the substance that is responsible for massive peripheral vasodilatation in sepsis:
a. Cytokines ans. D p. 72
b. oxygenderived
free radicals
c. fibrin degradation products
d. nitric oxide - Movement of leukocytes towards the site of injury is:
a. Opsonization ans. B p. 56
b. Chemotaxis
c. Diapedesis
d. Transmigration - Secondary union is characterized by:
a. Wound contration ans. A p. 113
b. Minimal tissue loss
c. Death of limited cells
d. Small defect - Cells which act as vehicles in the transport of HIV to the other parts of the body:
a. Monocytes ans. A p. 248
b. Neutrophils
c. Lymphocytes
d. Plasma cells - Diffuse effacement of foot processes is characteristic of:
a. Idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis ans. B p. 981
b. Lipoid nephrosis
c. IgA nephropathy
d. Lupus nephritis - Accumulation of cells, in the form of crescents, in the bowman’s space is
characteristic of which of the following:
a. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ans. C p. 976
b. Membranous glomerulonephritis
c. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
d. Nephritic syndrome - Hematuria, oliguria and hypertension indicate involvement of the:
a. Glomeruli ans. A p. 974
b. Tubules
c. Interstitium
d. Blood vessels - Primarily unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is seen in which of the following:
a. Viral hepatitis ans. D p. 888
b. DubinHohnson
syndrome
c. Biliary tract obstruction
d. Gilbert’s syndrome - The classic diagnostic features of costovertebral pain, palpable mass and hematuria suggest the presence of which of the following:
a. Renal cell carcinoma ans. A p. 1018
b. Wilm’s tumor
c. Urethelial CA of the renalpelvis
d. Urinary bladder CA - The most important histopathologic indication of CNS injury is:
a. Rosenthal fibers ans. B p. 1351
b. Gliosis
c. Neuronophagia
d. Corpora amylacea - Which of the following markers confer protection and forms the basis for current vaccination strategies:
a. AntiHBe
ans. D p. 894
b. IgM anti HBe
c. IgG antiHBe
d. Anti HBsAg - Persistent infection and chronic hepatitis are hallmarks of which of the following:
a. HBV ans. A p. 891892
b. HCV
c. Coinfection with HDV and HBV
d. HEV - H. pylori is associated with which of the following conditions:
a. Barrett esophagus ans. B p. 817
b. Peptic ulcer
c. Reflux esophagitis
d. Curling’s ulcer - Variceal dilatation of the anal and perianal plexuses is called:
a. Angiodysplasia ans. B p. 854
b. Hemorrhoids
c. Hemangioma
d. Arteriovenous malformation - Which of the following is associated with early cyanosis:
a. Patent duotus arteriosus ans. b p. 575
b. Tetralogy of Fallot
c. Ventricular septal defect
d. Atrial septal defect - Most deaths that occur during acute rheumatic fever are caused by which of the following:
a. Streptococcal sepsis ans. c p. 549
b. Pericarditis
c. Myocarditis
d. Endocarditis - The following are effects of aging in the heart, EXCEPT:
a. Brown atrophy ans. b p. 519
b. “boot”shaped
heart
c. “sigmoid” septum
d. Lambl’s excrecences - Which of the following primarily affects the cerebral cortex:
a. Parkinsonism ans. b p. 1329
b. Alzheimer’s disease
c. Huntington’s disease
d. Friedrich ataxia - Most cases of esophageal carcinomas are located in the:
a. Upper third ans. b p. 765
b. Middle third
c. Lower third
d. Gastroesophageal junction - Gastric hypersecretion, pancreatic islet tumor, peptic ulcer disease unresponsive
to treatment and severe diarrhea characterize which of the following:
a. Insulinoma ans. b p. 923
b. Gastrinoma
c. Multiple endocrine neoplasia
d. Glucagenoma - Hirschsprung’s disease usually involves which segment of the intestine:
a. jejunum ans. c p. 786
b. ileum
c. cecum
d. rectum - This is elevated up to 2 weeks in acute pancreatitis:
a. Serum amylase ans. c p. 901
b. Serum lipase
c. Urine amylase
d. Serum calcium - The most common cause of death in patients with advanced cervical carcinoma is:
a. Uremia ans. a p. 1053
b. Infection
c. Widespread metastasis
d. Bleeding - Struma ovarii is a variant of which of the following:
a. Granulosa cell tumor ans. b p. 1072
b. Teratoma
c. Endodermal sinus tumor
d. Dysgerminoma - Chronic necrotizing infection of the bronchi and bronchioles associated with abnormal dilation of the airways is:
a. Bronchitis ans. c p. 692
b. Emphysema
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Lung abscess - The most frequent mechanism in the development of lung abscess is:
a. septic embolism ans. b p. 699
b. aspiration of infected material
c. post pneumonic complication
d. direct trauma - Which of the following is the classic physiologic feature of diffuse interstitial lung disease:
a. Increased lung volume ans. a
b. Decreased pulmonary resistance
c. Limited expiratory flow rates
d. Reduction in oxygen diffusing capacity, lung volume or compliance - The most common cause of hydrothorax is:
a. Renal failure ans. b p. 729
b. Congestive heart failure
c. Nephritic syndrome
d. Cirrhosis - Which of the following is seen in rickets:
a. Bowing of the bones ans. a p. 417
b. Osteosclerosis
c. Normal growth zones in metaphysic
d. Pectus excavatum - The involucrum of osteomyelitis conssts of which of the following:
a. Necrotic bone ans. d p. 1230
b. From a focus in the pelvis
c. Draining sinuses
d. Reactive bone around a sequestrum - Which of the following is correct regarding how Tuberculous osteomyelitis arise:
a. spontaneously ans. d p. 1231
b. from a focus in the pelvis
c. from a focus in the spinal cord
d. from a hematogenous dissemination - Which of the following is associated with osteoporosis:
a. reduced physical activity ans. c p. 12201221
b. increased parathyroid hormone
c. both
d. neither - Coup and contrecoup injuries are characterized by which of the following:
a. infarction of brain tissue ans. d p. 1305
b. hemorrhage of brain tissue
c. laceration of brain tissue
d. contusion of brain - In rabies, Negri bodies are found in which of the following:
a. Hippocampus ans. a p. 1320
b. temporal lobes
c. hypothalamus
d. pons - The most common site involved in hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage is which of the following :
a. Thalamus ans. c p. 1311
b. pons
c. putamen
d. cerebellum - What is the most common route of entry of infectious organisms in the central nervous system:
a. direct implantation ans. b p. 1314
b. peripheral nervous system
c. local extension
d. hematogenous - The anterior horn motor neurons of the spinal cord are primarily affected in which of the following conditions:
a. cytomegalovirus infection ans. b p. 1320
b. poliomyelitis
c. toxoplasmosis
d. herpes simplex encephalitis - Scirrhous carcinomas of the breast are usually:
a. medullary carcinomas ans. b p. 1103
b. ductal carcinomas
c. mucinous carcinomas
d. lobular carcinomas - Which of the following is/are characteristic mammographic calcifications in breast carcinomas:
a. Smaller ans. d p. 1106
b. more tightly clustered
c. more numerous
d. all of the above - Which of the following is the most common cause of lump in the breast:
a. no disease ans. d p. 1091
b. cancer
c. fibroadenoma
d. fibrocystic disease - The characteristic flaskshaped
ulcers in amebiasis are most frequently seen in which of the following:
a. ascending colon ans. a p. 333
b. transverse colon
c. descending colon
d. rectum - What kind of organism is Pneumocystis carinii:
a. Bacterium ans. c p. 228
b. virus
c. protozoa
d. fungus - Pipestem fibrosis of the liver is seen in which of the following:
a. Syphilis ans. c p. 372
b. tuberculosis
c. schistosomiasis
d. malaria