Gastric carcinoma : questions with answers

Growth Involving Incisura and Lesser Curvature of Stomach
Explain the T staging (Primary Tumour) for Gastric Ca. (Tis, T1, T2, T3, T4)

Layers of Stomach Wall(Source: Cancer.Org)

TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
Tis Carcinoma in situ: intraepithelial tumor without invasion of the lamina propria
T1 Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa
T1a Tumor invades lamina propria or muscularis mucosae
T1b Tumor invades submucosa
T2 Tumor invades muscularis propria
T3 Tumor penetrates subserosal connective tissue without invasion of visceral peritoneum or adjacent structures
T4 Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum) or adjacent structures
T4a Tumor invades serosa (visceral peritoneum)
T4b Tumor invades adjacent structures

Explain the N staging in Gastric Cancer

NX Regional lymph node(s) cannot be assessed
N0 No regional lymph node metastasis
N1 Metastasis in 1-2 regional lymph nodes
N2 Metastasis in 3-6 regional lymph nodes
N3 Metastasis in seven or more regional lymph nodes
N3a Metastasis in 7-15 regional lymph nodes
N3b Metastasis in 16 or more regional lymph nodes

Growth Involving Incisura and Lesser Curvature of Stomach
What are various risk factors for Gastric Cancer?
Age
Ethnicity
Geography
Helicobacter pylori infection
Stomach lymphoma
Diet
Tobacco use
Being overweight or obese
Previous stomach surgery
Pernicious anemia
Menetrier disease (hypertrophic gastropathy)
Type A blood
A family history of stomach cancer
Adenomatous polyps
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection
Workers in the coal, metal, and rubber industries
Common variable immune deficiency (CVID)
Inherited Cancer Syndromes
Name various Inherited cancer syndromes which increase the risk of getting a Gastric Ca.
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
BRCA1 and BRCA2
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS)