All of the following changes are seen in pregnancy except: 1) Increased stroke volume 2) Increased cardiac output 3) Increased Intravascular volume 4) Increased peripheral vascular resistance

USMLE USMLE 1
#1

All of the following changes are seen in pregnancy except:

  1. Increased stroke volume

  2. Increased cardiac output

  3. Increased Intravascular volume

  4. Increased peripheral vascular resistance

Exolanation

As discussed in detail:

Blood volume increases during pregnancy
Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate
All these three parameters increase during pregnancy
In pregnancy since the main hormone is progesterone, which has a smooth muscle relaxant effect so peripheral vascular resistance decreases during pregnancy (and not increases)

  1. Increased stroke volume

  2. Increased cardiac output

  3. Increased Intravascular volume

  4. Increased peripheral vascular resistance