Q-1. Babu is brought to the emergency as case of RTA. He is hypotensive. Most likely ruptures organ is
a. Spleen
b. Mesentry
c. Kidney
d. Rectum
Answer: Spleen
Explanation:
The liver and spleen are the most common organs involved in patients with blunt abdominal trauma with hemo-peritoneum.
Spleen is the most common damaged organ in blunt abdominal trauma in adult. In children, the liver is the most commonly injured abdominal organ.
The spleen is the second most commonly injured intra-abdominal organ in children.
Q-2. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an important part of the management of which of the following conditions?
a) Carcinoma prostate
b) Carcinoma breast
c) Carcinoma lung
d) Carcinoma naso-pharynx
Answer: Carcinoma breast
Explanation:
A sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the removal of the sentinel lymph node to see if it contains cancer.
The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node in a chain or cluster of lymph nodes that receives lymph fluid from the area around a tumor. Cancer cells will most likely spread to these lymph nodes.
SLNB is being done more often, particularly for breast cancer and melanoma.
Q-3. An increased incidence of cholangio-carcinoma is seen in all of the following, except:
a) Hydatid cyst of liver
b) Polycystic disease of liver
c) Sclerosing cholangitis
d) Liver flukes
Answer: Hydatid cyst of liver
Explanation:
Predisposing factors for cholangio-carcinoma
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (The most common)
Chronic parasitic infection: Liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini or Clonorchis sinensis
Chronic ulcerative colitis
Chronic cholecystitis
Congenital liver malformations
Congenital hepatic fibrosis
Q-4. The most common malignant tumor of adult males in India is-
a) Lung cancer
b) Colorectal carcinoma
c) Gastric carcinoma
d) Oro-pharyngeal carcinoma
Answer: Oro-pharyngeal carcinoma
Explanation:
Oral cancer is a major problem in India and account for 50 to 70 % of all cancer diagnosed.
In global terms, oropharyngeal carcinoma is the sixth most common malignancy.
Q-5. Which one of the following soft tissue sarcomas frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes?
a) Fibro-sarcoma
b) Osteosarcoma
c) Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
d) Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Answer: Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma
Explanation:
Lymph node metastasis is unusual in soft tissue sarcomas.
Variant of soft tissue sarcomas with high nodal metastasis:
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Angio-sarcoma
Epithelioid sarcoma
Clear cell sarcoma
Melanoma of soft part
Q-6. The most common malignancy found in Marjolin’s ulcer is
a) Basal cell carcinoma
b) Squamous cell carcinoma
c) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
d) Neurotraphic malignant melanoma
Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma
Explanation:
Marjolin’s ulcer refers to an aggressive ulcerating squamous cell carcinoma, that arise in chronic venous ulcers, scars, burns, long standing wounds or sinuses.
Histologically, the tumor is a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. This carcinoma is aggressive in nature, spreads locally and is associated with a poor prognosis.
Q-7. The following is a maker of Paget’s disease of the mammary gland
a) S-100
b) HMB 45
c) CEA
d) Neuron specific enolase
Answer: CEA
Explanation:
Paget’s disease of the breast is a rare type of cancer of the nipple-areola complex and that is often associated with an underlying in situ or invasive carcinoma.
The use of immunohistochemical staining, such as carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), mucin or Her-2 oncoprotein, has been suggested to enhance the diagnosis.
Q-8. Most common tumor in the posterior mediastinum is
a) Neurofibroma
b) Teratoma
c) Lymphoma
d) Bronchogenic cyst
Answer: Neurofibroma
Explanation:
The most common mediastinal masses are neurogenic tumors (20% of mediastinal tumors), usually found in the posterior mediastinum, followed by thymoma (15-20%) located in the anterior mediastinum.
Most common tumor in the posterior mediastinum is neurogenic in origin, and in adults is neural sheath origin including neurilemomas and neurofibromas.
Q-9. Renal stone associated with Proteus infection
a) Uric acid
b) Xanthine
c) Calcium oxalate
d) Triple phosphate
Answer: Triple phosphate
Explanation:
Urinary infection with urea-splitting bacteria, lead to formation of stones called infection stones or phosphate stones (Calcium phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate also called triple phosphate or struvite).
The most common urea-splitting bacteria are called Proteus mirabilis.
Infection stones can grow very large and fill the entire kidney. These large stones are called “stag-horn” stones because they resemble the branched horns of a male deer.
Q-10. Most common cyst of spleen is
a) Pseudo-cyst
b) Lymph-angioma
c) Dermatoid cyst
d) Hydatid cyst
Answer: Hydatid cyst
Explanation:
Primary splenic cysts are divided into 2 major categories: parasitic and non-parasitic.
Parasitic cysts are the most common type worldwide.
Echinococcus granulosus is the most common cause of a parasitic cyst.
On the other hand, non-parasitic splenic cysts are congenital or neoplastic.
Congenital cysts are divided into epidermoid, dermoid, and endo-dermoid (simple) cysts.
The epidermoid type accounts for 90% of primary non-parasitic cysts.
Secondary splenic cysts usually develop after an abdominal trauma (posttraumatic) and less frequently as a result of mononucleosis, tuberculosis, or malaria.