Q-81. Pigment deposited in band shaped kerato-pathy
a) Iron
b) Calcium
c) Melanin
d) Amyloid
Answer: Calcium
Explanation:
Band keratopathy is characterized by the appearance of a band across the central cornea, formed by the precipitation of calcium salts on the corneal surface.
Q-82. Intra-ocular solid tumour causing bilateral proptosis in children
a) Rhabdomyosarcoma
b) Retinoblastoma
c) PNET
d) Neuroblastoma
Answer: Neuroblastoma
Explanation:
Most common presentation of Chloroma in children is proptosis.
Most common cause of bilateral proptosis in children is metastatic neuroblastoma.
Q-83. A patient is having narrow angle glaucoma. Drug contraindicated in this patient is
a) Acetazolamide
b) Timolol
c) Homatropine
d) Pilocarpine
Answer: Homatropine
Explanation:
Medical treatment in narrow angle glaucoma:
Systemic hyper-osmotic agent: Mannitol 1gm/kg
Acetazolamide
Pilocarpine eye drop
Beta blocker eye drop: Timolol
Corticosteroid eye drop
Important point:
Homatropine is contraindicated in patients with angle closure glaucoma.
Q-84. Most common carcinoma causing intraocular metastasis in females is
a) Endometrial carcinoma
b) Ovarian carcinoma
c) Cervical carcinoma
d) Breast carcinoma
Answer: Breast carcinoma
Explanation:
Most common primary tumor causing intra-ocular metastasis:
Women: Breast cancer
Men: Lung cancer
Q-85. Conjunctiva in Vitamin A deficiency shows
a) Hyper-keratinization of squamous epithelium
b) Goblet cell hyperplasia
c) Stromal inflammation
d) Actinic degeneration
Answer: Squamous hyperplasia
Explanation:
Vitamin A deficiency:
Early ocular surface changes include keratinization of the conjunctiva and development of superficial punctate keratopathy.
More severe deficiency results in corneal keratinization, ulceration, and necrosis.
Q-86. Not derived from neuro-ectoderm
a) Retina
b) Ciliary muscle
c) Dilator pupillae
d) Sphincter pupillae
Answer: Ciliary muscle
Explanation:
Ocular structures derived from neuro-ectoderm:
Retina with its pigment epithelium
Epithelial layer of ciliary body
Epithelial layer iris
Dilator pupillae and Sphincter pupillae
Optic nerve
Melanocyte
Secondary vitreous
Ciliary zonules
Q-87. Most common malignancy associated with retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Thyroid carcinoma
Seminoma
Renal cell seminoma
Answer: Osteosarcoma
Explanation:
It is most common intra-ocular tumor of childhood. It arises as malignant proliferation of the immature retinal neural cell called retinoblast.
Retinoblastoma is caused by retinoblastoma gene (RB), which is a mutation in the long arm of chromosome 13.
Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex or cat’s eye reflex) is the most common presenting sign of retinoblastoma.
Strabismus, which occurs as a result of visual loss, is the second most common mode of presentation.
The most common second cancers among retinoblastoma survivors include:
Osteosarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomas
Melanoma
Q-88. About degenerative myopia which of the following is true?
a) Myopic degeneration can lead to retinal detachment
b) It is more common in men than women
c) Less than – 6D
d) Optic disc swelling is seen
Answer: Myopic degeneration can lead to retinal detachment
Explanation:
Pathological/ degenerative/ progressive myopia:
Myopia > -5 D
Eye ball length > 26 mm
Progressive choroidal degeneration
Complications of Pathological/ degenerative/ progressive myopia:
Retinal detachment
Complicated cataract
Vitreous hemorrhage
Choroidal hemorrhage
Strabismus fixus convergence
Q-89. Cells most commonly affected in glaucomatous optic atrophy
a) Amacrine cells
b) Bipolar cells
c) Ganglion cells
d) Rods and cones
Answer: Ganglion cells
Explanation:
Glaucomatous optic atrophy is characterized by the demise of retinal ganglion cells and their axons that can lead to impaired visual functions and blindness.
Q-90. Which of the following is true regarding concentration of proteins in senile cataract?
a) More insoluble protein, less soluble protein
b) More soluble protein, less insoluble protein
c) Equal concentration
d) None of the above
Answer: More insoluble protein, less soluble protein
Explanation:
Alpha crystallis, as molecular chaperon which are water soluble tend to disappear by age and insoluble protein aggregates increase with age.