- The estimation of prevalence of blindness by blind school survey in place of population based survey would lead to
a) Overestimation
b) Under estimation
c) No difference
d) Data not sufficient
Answer: Under estimation
Explanation:
The estimation of prevalence of blindness by blind school survey in place of population based survey would lead to under estimation because of lack of complete population survey in case of blind school survey.
- While assessing the efficacy of a newly developed drug in comparison to placebo, the 95% confidence interval is used to extract
a) Efficacy of the drug
b) Non efficacy of the drug
c) Both efficacy and non efficacy of the drug
d) Either efficacy or non efficacy of the drug
Answer: Both efficacy and non efficacy of the drug
Explanation:
The 95 % confidence interval indicates the efficacy of drug. Remaining 5 % indicates non-efficacy of drug.
While assessing the efficacy of a newly developed drug in comparison to placebo, the 95% confidence interval is used to extract both efficacy and non efficacy of the drug.
- Growth monitoring by Anganwadi workers under ICDS programme is bases on which of the following guidelines
a) IAP standards
b) CDC standards
c) NCHS standards
d) MGRS standards
Answer: MGRS standards
Explanation:
In ICDS, growth monitoring of children (weight-for-age) was done earlier using IAP Classification by modifying Harvard Standards.
WHO and its principal partner, the United Nations University, in collaboration with a number of academic institutions worldwide, undertook the Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS), a community-based, multi-country project to develop new growth standards for infants and young children.
The new WHO child growth standard has been adopted in India with effect from 15 August 2008 by both ICDS and NRHM.
84. According to WHO definition, what is the criterion for considering high endemic area for meningococcal meningitis?
a) < 2 Per 1, 00, 000 populations b) 2-10 Par 1, 00, 000 populations c) > 10 Per 1, 00, 000 populations
d) > 100 Per 1, 00, 000 populations
Answer: > 10 Per 1, 00, 000 populations
Explanation:
WHO recommends that countries with high (>10 cases per 100,000 population/year) or intermediate (2-10 cases per 100,000 population/year) endemic rates and/or frequent epidemics of invasive meningococcal disease conduct appropriate large scale meningococcal vaccination programmes.
In countries where the disease occurs less frequently (<2 cases per 100,000 population/year), meningococcal vaccination is recommended for defined risk groups. Laboratory worker and travelers at risk of exposure should be vaccinated against the prevalent sero-group(s), and vaccination should be offered to all individuals suffering from immunodeficiency.
- The 3-year bachelor of rural health care (BHRC) degree was recommended by
a) High level expert group on universal health coverage
b) Srivastava committee
c) Central bureau of health investigation (CBHI)
d) Sundar committee
Answer: High level expert group on universal health coverage
Explanation:
The High Level Expert Group (HLEG) on Universal Health Coverage (UHC) was constituted by the Planning Commission of India in October 2010, with the mandate of developing a framework for providing easily accessible and affordable health care to all Indians.
High level expert group on universal health coverage recommended the 3-year bachelor of rural health care (BHRC) degree.
Q-86. Highest mean and lowest mode indicates
a) Positive skewing
b) Negative skewing
c) Normal
d) Symmetrical
Answer: Positive skewing
Explanation:
Relationship between the measures of central tendency:
Symmetrical curve:
Mean = Median = Mode
Positive (Right) skewed curve:
Mean > Median > Mode
Negative (Left) skewed curve:
Mean < Median < Mode Q-87. District population of 10 lakh with less than 16 yrs of age is 30 %. Prevalence of blindness is 0.8/1000 of less than 16 year population. Total no. of blind under 16 yrs of age will be a) 240 b) 2400 c) 24000 d) 240000 Answer: 240 Explanation: Total population = 10 Lakh Under 16 years population = 30 % = 3 Lakh Prevalence of blindness in under 16 years population = 0.8/1000 Total no. of blind under 16 yrs of age = 3, 00, 000 x 0.8/1000 = 240 Q-88. If the prevalence is very low as compared to the incidence for a disease. It implies a) Disease is not fatal b) Disease is very fatal and/or easily curable c) Calculation of prevalence and incidence is wrong d) Nothing can be said as they are independent Answer: Disease is very fatal and/or easily curable Explanation: Prevalence is total number of cases including new and old cases at a specified point in time (point prevalence) or during a specified period of time (period prevalence). If the prevalence is very low as compared to the incidence for a disease, implies that disease is very fatal and/or easily curable. Q-89. Which of the following is most common cause of neonatal mortality in India? a) Neonatal infections b) Prematurity c) Diarrheal disease d) Congenital anomalies Answer: Prematurity Explanation: Major common cause of neonatal mortality in India: Prematurity and low birth weight: 31 % Neonatal infections: 25 % Birth asphyxia & birth trauma: 23 % Congenital anomalies: 7 % Q-90. True about OPV is all except a) Useful in epidermis b) Rapid antibody response c) Protection of non immunized by vaccine virus shed in stools d) Protective even in presence of maternal antibodies Answer: Protective even in presence of maternal antibodies Explanation: Advantage of OPV: OPV induces both humoral and intestinal immunity. Antibody is quickly produced and rapid response. Protection of non immunized by vaccine virus shed in stools Useful in controlling epidemics Relatively inexpensive Important points: Colostrum produced in the first three days after child birth contains secretory IgA antibody, which might interfere with the immune response to OPV. Lower levels of secretory IgA antibody are present in breast milk produced after the fourth day. There is no significant effect of breast feeding on the response of older infants to OPV.