AIIMS/ NEET-PG 2017 Community Medicine MCQs 21-30

Q-21. You have diagnosed a patient clinically as having SLE and ordered 6 tests out of which 4 tests have come positive and 2 are negative to determine the probability of SLE at this point you need to know
a) Prior probability of SLE; sensitivity and specificity of each test
b) Incidence of SLE and predictive value of each test
c) Incidence and prevalence of SLE
d) Relative risk of SLE in this patient

Answer: Prior probability of SLE; sensitivity and specificity of each test
Explanation:

Q-22. STEPS done for
a) Surveillance of risk factors of non- communicable disease
b) Surveillance of evaluation of treatment of non- communicable disease
c) Surveillance of evaluation of treatment of non-communicable disease
d) Surveillance of mortality from non-communicable disease

Answer: Surveillance of risk factors of non- communicable disease
Explanation:
The WHO STEP-wise approach to Surveillance of NCD Risk Factors (STEPS) was developed by WHO as part of a global surveillance strategy in response to the growing need for country-level trends in non-communicable diseases.
The approach encourages the collection of small amounts of useful data information on a regular and continuing basis.
It focuses on a minimum number of risk factors that predict the major non-communicable diseases.

Q-23. The best graphic representation of frequency distribution of data gathered of a continues variable is
a) Simple bar graph
b) Multiple bars
c) Line diagram
d) Histogram

Answer: Histogram
Explanation:
A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of data.
It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative variable) and was first introduced by Karl Pearson.

Q-24. Vaccine with maximum efficacy is
a) OPV
b) Measles
c) BCG
d) TT

Answer: Measles
Explanation:
Vaccine efficacy is defined as the reduction in the incidence of a disease among people who have received a vaccine compared to the incidence in unvaccinated people.
Live vaccines are more effective than killed vaccines.
Vaccine——- Effectiveness
Measles—— 99 %
Tetanus—— 95 %
Polio———- 90-93 %
BCG———— 80 %

Q-25. True about arboviruses is
a) Yellow fever is endemic in India
b) Dengue has only one serotype
c) KFD was first identified in west Bengal
d) Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes aegypti

Answer: Chikungunya is transmitted by Aedes aegypti
Explanation:
Arbo-virus is a term used to refer to a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors.
KFD was first identified in Karnataka.
Dengue has four serotypes DEN 1, 2, 3 and 4
There is no risk of yellow fever in India. The government of India requires proof of yellow fever vaccination only if you are arriving from a country with risk of yellow fever.

Q-26. Effective leprosy control programme may be indicated by all of the following except
a) Increasing number of children affected
b) Decreased grade 2 disability
c) Low MDR resistant multi-bacillary cases
d) High new case detection rate

Answer: Increasing number of children affected
Explanation:
Types of indicators in leprosy control:
Epidemiological indicators: Evaluate the effectiveness of the programme
Incidence
Prevalence
Main or core indicators for monitoring progress:
Number and rate of new cases detected per year
Rate of new cases with grade-2 disability
Treatment completion/ cure rate
Main indicators for evaluating case detection:
Proportion of new cases presenting with grade-2 disability/impairments
Proportion of child cases among new cases
Proportion of female patients among new cases
Proportion of multi-bacillary cases among new cases

Q-27. The vaccine not to be given during pregnancy is
a) MMR
b) Rabies
c) Hepatitis B
d) Diphtheria

Answer: MMR
Explanation:
Live vaccines are contra-indicated during pregnancy unless the risk of infection exceeds the risk of harm to the fetus of some live vaccines.
Live vaccines: MMR, BCG and Yellow fever

Q-28. All are included in NRHM except
a) Strengthening of JSY (Janani Suraksha Yojna)
b) Formation of health & family welfare societies
c) State & district health mission
d) Recruitment & training of ASHA

Answer: Formation of health & family welfare societies
Explanation:
The National Rural Health mission (NRHM) was launched by the Prime Minister on 12th April 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and quality health care to the rural population, especially the vulnerable groups.
Janani Suraksha Yojna, State & district health mission and ASHA are included in NRHM.

Q-29. All are true about OPV except
a) It is a killed vaccine
b) Stored at subzero temperature
c) Induces intestinal & humoral immunity both
d) Residual neuro-virulence is a problem

Answer: It is a killed vaccine
Explanation:
There are two types of vaccine that protect against polio: inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV).
Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV):
The oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed in 1961 by Albert Sabin.
OPV consists of a mixture of live, attenuated (weakened) poliovirus strains of all three poliovirus types.
OPV produces antibodies in the blood to all three types of poliovirus. OPV also produces a local, mucosal immune response in the mucous membrane of the intestines.
In the event of infection, these mucosal antibodies limit the replication of the wild poliovirus inside the intestine.
This intestinal immune response to OPV is thought to be the main reason why mass campaigns with OPV can rapidly stop person-to-person transmission of wild poliovirus.
Non-stabilized (used routinely) should be stored at -20 degree C.
Recent oral polio vaccines are heat stabilized and can be kept without losing potency for a year at 4 degree C.

Q-30. Which of the following is the “impact” indicator for evaluation of ASHA s performance?
a) Number of ASHAs trained
b) Infant mortality rate
c) Number of ASHAs attending meeting
d) Percentage of institutional deliveries

Answer: Infant mortality rate
Explanation:
Monitoring and evaluation of ASHA’s work:
Impact indicators:
IMR
Child malnutrition rates
Number of cases of TB/Leprosy detected as compared to previous year.