Q-131. Vision 2020 includes all of the following except
a) Onchocerciasis
b) Epidemic conjunctivitis
c) Cataract
d) Trachoma
Answer: Epidemic conjunctivitis
Explanation:
VISION 2020 — the right to sight: A Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness:
WHO has identified 5 major Blinding Eye Conditions:
Cataract
Childhood blindness
Trachoma
Refractive errors and low vision
Corneal blindness
Onchocerciasis or River blindness
Important points:
Approximately 50% of the world’s blind suffer from cataract.
The majority of the remaining persons are blind from conditions:
Glaucoma
Trachoma
Onchocerciasis (also known as river blindness)
Different conditions of childhood blindness
Q-132. Life cycle of filarial is
a) Cyclo-developmental
b) Cyclo-propagative
c) Propagative
d) Trans-ovarian
Answer: Cyclo-developmental
Explanation:
Biological transmission:
Propagative- Plague bacilli in rat flea
Cyclo-propagative- Malaria parasite in mosquito
Cyclo-developmental- Filarial parasite in Culex mosquito and guinea worm embryo in Cyclops
Q-133. Cyclo-developmental life cycle is seen in
a) Malaria
b) Plague
c) Yellow fever
d) Filaria
Answer: Filaria
Explanation:
Biological transmission:
Propagative- Plague bacilli in rat flea
Cyclo-propagative- Malaria parasite in mosquito
Cyclo-developmental- Filarial parasite in Culex mosquito and guinea worm embryo in Cyclops
Q-134. Post pasteurized milk’s quality is tested by
a) Phosphatase test
b) Methylene blue test
c) Catalase test
d) Oxidase test
Answer: Phosphatase test
Explanation:
Test of Pasteurized milk:
Phosphatase test:
Complete pasteurization inactivates phosphatase enzyme
Standard plate count:
30,000 bacterial counts per ml of pasteurized milk
Coliform count:
Coliform be absent in 1 ml of pasteurized milk
Q-135. Best index for measuring contraceptive efficacy is
a) Pearl index
b) Life-table analysis
c) Chandler’s index
d) Quetlet index
Answer: Life-table analysis
Explanation:
Contraceptive efficacy is assessed by measuring the number of unplanned pregnancies that occur during a specified period of exposure and use of a contraceptive method.
The two methods that are used to measure contraceptive efficacy are the Pearl index and Life-table analysis.
The Pearl index is defined as number of failures per hundred women – years of exposure (HWY).
Life-Table analysis calculates a failure rate for each month of use.
Important point:
Use of life table methods eliminates time-related biases (i.e. the most fertile couples getting pregnant and dropping out of the study early, and couples becoming more skilled at using the method as time goes on), and in this way is superior to the Pearl index.
Q-136. Goals of national population policy are all/except
a) Decrease IMR to below 30 per 1000 live births
b) Reduce MMR to below 100 per 100,000 live births
c) Achieve 100 per cent registration of births, deaths, marriage and pregnancy
d) Bring down TFR to replacement level by 2015
Answer: Bring down TFR to replacement level by 2015
Explanation:
The objective of national population policy 2000- Bring down TFR to replacement level by 2010
Q-136. Following are larval control measures except
a) DDT
b) Paris green
c) Gambusia
d) Intermittent irrigation
Answer: DDT
Explanation:
Anti-larval measures:
Environmental control or surface reduction
Chemical control-Mineral oil, Paris green and synthetic insecticides such as abate, Malathion, Fenthion and Chloropyrifos
Biological control- Gambusia and Lebister
Q-137. The following statement about DDT is false
a) Pyrethrum has synergistic action
b) It is a contact poison
c) Immediately kills the prey
d) Residual effect lasts for 18 months
Answer: Immediately kills the prey
Explanation:
DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane):
Organo-chlorine
Contact poison
Residual action may last as long as 18 months
Pyrethrum and DDT have synergistic action
Important point:
DDT has no repellant action on insects.
Q-138. Incineration is not done for
a) Cytotoxic drugs
b) Cotton contaminated with blood
c) Waste sharps
d) Human tissue
Answer: Waste sharps
Explanation:
Waste sharps: Disposal
Chemical disinfection
Autoclave
Microwave
Mutilation and shredding
Q-139. Shortest incubation period is seen in
a) Hepatitis A
b) Hepatitis B
c) Rubella
d) Influenza
Answer: Influenza
Explanation:
Short incubation period:
Influenza- 18 to 72 hours
Cholera- 1-2 days
Meningococcal meningitis- 3-4 days
Diphtheria- 2-6 days
Yellow fever- 3-6 days
Q-140. Which of the following statements is true about BCG vaccination?
a) Distilled water is used a diluent for BCG vaccine
b) The site for injection should be cleaned thoroughly with spirit
c) Mantoux test becomes positive after 48 hours
d) WHO recommends Danish 1331 strain for vaccine production
Answer: WHO recommends Danish 1331 strain for vaccine production
Explanation:
BCG vaccination:
WHO recommends Danish 1331 strain for vaccine production since 1967
Normal saline is recommended as diluent for BCG vaccine and should be used within 3 hours after reconstitution.
Vaccine must not be contaminated with any antiseptic or detergent.
Mantoux test becomes positive after 8 weeks of vaccination.
Vaccine is administered intra-dermally with tuberculin syringe at just above the insertion of the deltoid muscle