Abdominal approach is used in?

Abdominal approach is used in?
A. Thiersch operation
B. Delorme’s operation
C. Altemier’s procedure
D. Ripstein’s operation

Correct answer : D. Ripstein’s operation

Ripstein’s operation is the abdominal approach for rectal prolapse.
The abdominal approach is recommended in patients with complete rectal prolapse who are otherwise in good health.
In Ripstein’s operation, the rectosigmoid junction is hitched up to the front of the sacrum using a teflon sling.
Ref: Bailey and Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 25th edition, p 1225.